iubeo Latin · revision 5229

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *Hyewdʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈjʊ.be.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈjuː.be.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iubeō''' (present infinitive iubēre, perfect active iussī, supine iussum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*jouþ-eje/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*Hioudʰ-eie/o-|t=to cause to move]], a causative.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The oldest form ⟨ioub-⟩, found in early inscriptions, fits this type, and ⟨iub-⟩ was taken from the perfect and participle.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[grc|ὑσμίνη|tr=husmínē|t=battle]] and [[lt|judėti|t=to move]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short suggested *iūs habēre “to regard as right”, an idea not followed by de Vaan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler places his career before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010) Early inscriptions spell it ''ioub-'' and ''ious-''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to order or tell someone to do something, to order a thing to be done, and to direct, enjoin or appoint.^(OLD 2012) In the assemblies it was the word for enacting a law, in the formula ''velītis iubeātis'', and for appointing a magistrate; laws, fate and duty were also said to command.^(OLD 2012) Its participle ''iussum'' meant an order.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''iubēre'', bidding by one's own wish, the opposite of [[vetō]], from [[imperō]], commanding with military authority, and [[praecipiō]], enjoining as a teacher.^(Döderlein 1874) The stem ''iuss-'' gave the grammatical term [[en|jussive]] (1825).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 186 BC – the Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus spells it with ''ou''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has “order the doors to be opened at once”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1825 – English ''jussive'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|order]], tell, bid (someone to do something).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To order (something to be done); to direct (that).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To enjoin; to appoint.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of an assembly) To [[m|en|enact]], decree; to appoint (a magistrate).^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of laws, fate, duty) To prescribe, require.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iussiō]]

+ * [[iussor]]

+ * [[iussum]]

+ * [[iussus]]

+ * [[iniussus]]

+ * [[fidēiubeō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|jussive]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}