palma Latin · revision 5226

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pleh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpaɫ.ma], [ˈpaɫ.maː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpal.ma], [ˈpal.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''palma''' ''f'' (genitive palmae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*palamā-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*pl̥h₂-em-h₂-|t=flat, wide]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|παλάμη|tr=palámē|t=palm of the hand]], [[sga|lám|t=hand]], [[cy|llaw|t=hand]], [[goh|folma|t=hand]] and [[ang|folm|t=flat hand]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The vowels of the Latin and Greek words point to an ''m''-stem with the suffix in full grade; a borrowing from Greek, which some have assumed, does not fit.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who has people competing for the palm of victory for actors.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the palm of the hand, and by extension the hand.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The palm tree was named after it, because its spreading fronds look like an open hand, and the word also meant a date, palm leaves or branches, and a fruiting vine shoot.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) Because a palm branch was given to victors, it came to mean victory, first place and the winner.^(OLD 2012) Isidore gives both explanations: a palm adorned the victor's hand, and its branches spread like a hand.^(Isidore)

+

+ In medieval Latin the plural ''palmae'' was Palm Sunday.^(Niermeyer 1976) In British medieval Latin ''ad palmam'' was a ball game played with the hand, later with a racket, that is, tennis.^(DMLBS) [[en|palm]] goes back to it in both senses: the tree through Old English ''palma'', the hand through Old French ''paume''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the palm of victory.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of palm leaves used in fumigation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the palm of the hand.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore explains the name of the tree.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''palm'' “flat of the hand” is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|palm]] of the hand; the hand.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # A palm tree.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|date]] (fruit).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A palm leaf or branch.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The palm of victory; [[m|en|victory]], first place.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A victor.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A fruiting vine branch.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' (plural) [[m|en|Palm Sunday]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[palmāris]]

+ * [[palmārium]]

+ * [[palmātus]]

+ * [[palmes]]

+ * [[palmētum]]

+ * [[palmeus]]

+ * [[palmicius]]

+ * [[palmifer]]

+ * [[palmiger]]

+ * [[palmō]]

+ * [[palmōsus]]

+ * [[palmula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[palmipedālis]]

+ * [[palmulāris]]

+ * [[palam]]

+ * [[en|palm]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis and Short also record ''palma'' as a by-form of [[parma]] “small shield”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}