templum Latin · revision 5224

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Livius Andronicus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɛm.pɫũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɛm.plum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''templum''' ''n'' (genitive templī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain, with no parallel in the other Italic languages.^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives it from [[itc-pro|*t(e)mp-lo-]], from a root [[ine-pro|*temp-|t=to stretch]], hence “stretching” > “measuring”, comparing [[lt|tem̃pti|t=to pull, stretch]] and [[non|þǫmb|t=bow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD and Lewis and Short compare [[grc|τέμνω|tr=témnō|t=to cut]] and [[grc|τέμενος|tr=témenos|t=sacred precinct]], a cut-off space.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro distinguishes three kinds of ''templum'': in the sky, on earth for taking the auspices, and below the earth.^(Varro)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler places his career before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was first the space of sky or land that the augur marked out with his staff, within which he watched for omens, then a piece of ground consecrated by the augurs, such as the site of a temple or the speakers' platform.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From this came a building consecrated to a god, a temple, and in poetry any region or quarter, as in Ennius' “blue regions of the sky”.^(OLD 2012) Lucretius and later writers use the plural for the purlins of a roof.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Döderlein contrasts ''templum'', [[fānum]] and ''dēlūbrum'', a temple with its consecrated grounds, with [[aedēs]], the building only.^(Döderlein 1874) In Christian and medieval Latin it was a church, and in the Middle Ages also a house of the Knights Templar.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) [[en|temple]] comes from it through Old English ''tempel'', and [[contemplor]] “to observe”, first used of marking out a ''templum'', gave [[en|contemplate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has “look at the temple of Ceres on the left”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses ''templa'' of roof beams.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro describes the three kinds of ''templum''.^(Varro)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Old English – borrowed as ''tempel''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The area of sky or land marked out by an [[m|en|augur]] for taking the auspices.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A consecrated piece of ground; a sanctuary.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|temple]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A region, quarter (of the sky or the world).^(OLD 2012)

+ # (plural) A [[m|en|purlin]], roof beam.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A church.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A house of the Knights Templar.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[contemplum]]

+ * [[extemplō]]

+ * [[templāris]]

+ * [[templātim]]

+ * [[contemplor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|temple]]

+ * [[en|contemplate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}