torreo Latin · revision 5223

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ters-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɔr.re.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɔr.re.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''torreō''' (present infinitive torrēre, perfect active torruī, supine tostum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*tors-eje-|t=to scorch]], [[inh|ine-pro|*tors-éye-|t=to make dry]], a causative of [[ine-pro|*ters-|t=to be dry]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|τέρσομαι|tr=térsomai|t=to become dry]], [[goh|derren|t=to dry]] and [[hit|tarš-|t=to dry]], and with [[en|thirst]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) M. Weiss explains [[torrēns]] “torrent” as a participle “the dry one” of a stative verb, so that no shift from “burning” to “rushing” is needed.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD's first quotation is Ennius on scorched walls left standing.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to heat until dry or burning, to scorch, parch or roast, and of other sensations to burn, as of cold or fever.^(OLD 2012) Virgil uses it of drying and roasting grain, and Ovid of roasting meat.^(Gaffiot 2016) The participle ''tostus'' and Vulgar Latin *tostāre gave Old French ''toster'' and [[en|toast]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ Its derivatives include [[torridus]] “parched”, whose Medieval Latin phrase ''torrida zōna'' gave [[en|torrid]], and the participle [[torrēns]], the source of [[en|torrent]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius speaks of scorched walls standing tall.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of roasting grain.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''toast'' “to brown with heat” is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To dry by heat, [[m|en|scorch]], parch.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|roast]], bake.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # (of cold, fever, passion) To burn, affect with a burning sensation.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[attorreō]]

+ * [[contorreō]]

+ * [[dētorreō]]

+ * [[extorreō]]

+ * [[retorreō]]

+ * [[torrefaciō]]

+ * [[torrēs]]

+ * [[torrescō]]

+ * [[torridus]]

+ * [[torror]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[terra]]

+ * [[testa]]

+ * [[torridō]]

+ * [[torrēns]]

+ * [[en|toast]]

+ * [[en|torrent]]

+ * [[en|torrid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}