anger English · revision 5209

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1200|origins=ine-pro *angh-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈæŋ.ɡə/, US /ˈæŋ.ɡɚ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|anger|alt=anger, angre]], [[bor|non|angr|t=grief, sorrow, affliction]], with the verb from [[m|non|angra|t=to grieve, vex]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(Cresswell 2021) from [[gem-pro|*angaz]], the source also of Old English enge “narrow”, German eng and Gothic aggwus,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[ine-pro|*angh-|t=tight, painfully constricted]], the source also of Latin angere “to squeeze, choke” and Greek ánchein “to strangle”.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) It is related to [[anguish]], [[anxiety]] and to German Angst.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The verb, to irritate or distress: about 1200, in the Ormulum.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) The noun, distress, affliction, grief: about 1250.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) The Norse senses came first, and the current ones date from late Middle English.^(Cresswell 2021)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Hostility and ill will are from the mid-13th century,^(Etymonline) and rage or wrath by the early 14th, about 1325 in the OED.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) Wedgwood explained the change by the idea of injury as pressure, transferred to the resentment that injury arouses in the victim.^(Etymonline) The verb in the sense “to make angry” is from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002) In Middle English the word also meant physical pain or inflammation (1377),^(OED 1989) a sense kept in Cumberland and Westmorland dialect.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1200 – verb, to distress.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1250 – noun, affliction.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1325 – rage, wrath.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1377 – physical pain.^(OED 1989)

+ * late 14th century – to make angry.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A strong feeling of displeasure and hostility; [[rage]] or [[wrath]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make someone angry.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[angerless]]

+ * [[angry]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[anguish]]

+ * [[anxiety]]

+ * [[anxious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}