morior Latin · revision 5196

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *mer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmɔ.ri.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmɔː.ri.or]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''morior''' (present infinitive morī or morīrī, perfect active mortuus sum); third (-iō variant) / fourth conjugation, deponent, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*morje-|t=to die]], [[inh|ine-pro|*mr̥-ie/o-|t=to die]], from the root *mer-.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[xve|murtuvoi|t=dead]], [[sga|marb|t=dead]], [[cy|marw|t=dead]], [[hit|mer-|t=to disappear]] and [[lt|mir̃ti|t=to die]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The participle [[mortuus]] goes back to a Proto-Italic *mortwo-, perhaps influenced by the form *mr̥wo- seen in Celtic.^(de Vaan 2008) The wavering between third- and fourth-conjugation forms is found in other verbs in ''-r'', such as [[orior]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus, Ennius and Terence also have it, with fourth-conjugation forms such as ''morīrī'' and ''morīmur''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to die, with the cause or circumstances expressed, as in Naevius' “you will not escape dying by my hand”, and colloquially ''moriar sī'' “may I die if”.^(OLD 2012) By exaggeration it meant to faint or languish with love, and it was used of plants dying, of things decaying, of fires and daylight going out, of laws and words falling into disuse, and of things being forgotten.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Related words include [[mors]] “death”, [[mortālis]] “mortal” and [[immortālis]].^(Wiktionary) [[en|mortal]] comes from ''mortālis'' through Old French, and [[en|mortuary]] from ''mortuus''.^(Etymonline) The verb survives in [[it|morire]], [[es|morir]] and [[ro|muri]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – the Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius has “you will not escape dying by my hand”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has ''sī vīvimus sīve morīmur''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''mortal'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|die]], ''moriar sī'', may I die if.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To faint, [[m|en|languish]] (with love).^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of plants) To die, wither.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To perish, decay, (of fire, light) to go out.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To cease to exist, (of words) to fall into disuse.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be forgotten.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[commorior]]

+ * [[dēmorior]]

+ * [[ēmorior]]

+ * [[immorior]]

+ * [[inēmorior]]

+ * [[intermorior]]

+ * [[moribundus]]

+ * [[mortuus]]

+ * [[permorior]]

+ * [[praemorior]]

+ * [[superēmorior]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[immortālis]]

+ * [[mors]]

+ * [[mortālis]]

+ * [[mortālitās]]

+ * [[mortifer]]

+ * [[en|mortal]]

+ * [[en|mortuary]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}