baiulus Latin · revision 5189

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈbaj.jʊ.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈbaː.ju.lus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''baiulus''' ''m'' (genitive baiulī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is unknown.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary) Schrijver suggests *bagjelos, with a stem *bag- perhaps related to Germanic *pak- “pack”; de Vaan thinks it may be borrowed, from Germanic or from a Celtic word that also gave Provençal ⟨baga⟩ “bundle”, and finds an Indo-European origin unlikely.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Older dictionaries compared [[m|la|ferō]] and [[grc|βαστάζω|tr=bastázō|t=to carry]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler give Plautus first, together with the verb [[baiulō|alt=bāiulāre]] “to carry”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a porter or carrier who bore loads for pay.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Gellius says the Greeks call them ''akhthophóroi'', “burden-bearers”, and Festus that the ancients used the word for what are now called labourers.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Jerome uses it of a messenger.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was the bearer of a letter, a tutor or preceptor, especially of a young prince, and a regent or governor.^(Niermeyer 1976) Wiktionary also gives a steward and bailiff.^(Wiktionary) A Vulgar Latin *bāiulīvus, an official in charge of a castle, gave Old French ''baillif'' and [[en|bailiff]] about 1300.^(Etymonline) It also gave [[it|baglio]] and [[ca|batlle]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the word.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a porter.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius compares it with Greek “burden-bearers”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''bailiff'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|porter]], carrier.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A messenger; the bearer of a letter.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A tutor, especially of a young prince.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A regent, governor; a steward, [[m|en|bailiff]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[baiulō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|bailiff]]

+ * [[en|bail]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}