bardus Latin · revision 5188

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Lucan|origins=ine-pro *gʷerH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈbar.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈbar.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bardus''' ''m'' (genitive bardī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|xtg|bardos|t=bard]], from [[cel-pro|*bardos]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*gʷerH-|t=to praise]], the root of [[grātus]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline) The TLL compares [[sga|bard|t=singer, poet]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and Wiktionary date it from Lucan, who mentions the bards of Gaul in his epic on the civil war.^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Lucan 39–65 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a poet and singer among the Gauls who sang the praises of brave men.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Festus explains it as the Gaulish word for a singer.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Ammianus Marcellinus also describes the bards.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ It was borrowed into [[fr|barde]] and [[it|bardo]].^(Wiktionary) [[en|bard]] came from Scottish in the mid-15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 39–65 AD – Lucan mentions the Gaulish bards.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 2nd half of the 2nd century AD – Festus explains it as a Gaulish word for a singer.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus Marcellinus describes the bards.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''bard'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|bard]], a Gaulish poet and singer.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|bard]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different adjective [[la|bardus|alt=bardus]] meant stupid or dull; it is found in Plautus and Cicero and is thought to be a loanword, perhaps from Etruscan.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}