os Latin · revision 5184

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *h₃éh₁os}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈoːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔs]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ōs''' ''n'' (genitive ōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ōs-|t=mouth]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₃éh₁os|t=mouth]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sga|á|t=mouth]], [[hit|aiš|t=mouth]], [[sa|आस्|tr=ā́s|t=mouth]] and [[ang|ōr|t=beginning]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates his career to before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010) Ennius and Plautus use it of the mouth.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense was the mouth of a person or animal, and so speech and the voice.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) By extension it was the head or face, the countenance and appearance.^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) It also meant any opening, entrance or orifice, the beak of a ship and the edge of a sword.^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ Isidore says the mouth is named as if a door (''ōstium''), through which we put food in and spit out.^(Isidore) Its derivatives include [[ōsculum]] “kiss” and [[ōstium]] “door, mouth”.^(de Vaan 2008) Late Latin ''ōrālis'' gave [[en|oral]] in the 1620s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus says “snatch the pipes from his mouth”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the mouth as an organ of the senses.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1620s – English ''oral'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|mouth]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Speech, voice.^(Wiktionary)

+ # The face, countenance, appearance.^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # An opening, entrance, orifice.^(Wiktionary)

+ # The beak of a ship; the edge of a sword.^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ōrārium]]

+ * [[ōreae]]

+ * [[ōrificium]]

+ * [[ōscillum]]

+ * [[ōsculum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cōram]]

+ * [[ōrō]]

+ * [[ōstium]]

+ * [[en|oral]]

+ * [[en|oracle]]

+ * [[en|orifice]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different noun [[la|os|alt=os, ossis]] meant a bone, from [[ine-pro|*h₃ésth₁]], already in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Isidore notes that ''ōs'' “face” and ''os'' “bone” were both written without ''h''.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}