passion English · revision 5176

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1175|origins=la-lat passio}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈpæʃ.ən/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|passion|alt=passiun, passioun]], [[bor|fro|passion]] and directly from [[la-lat|passiō|t=suffering, enduring]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from passus, the past participle of Latin patī “to suffer, endure”, a word of uncertain origin.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) It replaced Old English þolung “suffering”, from þolian “to endure”.^(Etymonline) It is related to [[patient]], [[passive]] and [[compassion]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The sufferings of Christ on the Cross: about 1175 in the OED, about 1200 in Etymonline.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) This was the earliest meaning of the Latin, Old French and Middle English words.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By the early 13th century it was extended to the sufferings of martyrs and to suffering in general.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) In Middle English it also meant a disease or affliction, and the state of being acted upon.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) Strong emotion or desire is from before 1250 in Barnhart, the late 14th century in Etymonline,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from a Late Latin use of passiō to render Greek páthos “suffering, feeling”.^(Etymonline) An outburst of anger is from the 16th century.^(Hoad 1986) Strong sexual love is first recorded in Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus in 1588,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) a strong liking or enthusiasm from 1638,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and an object of desire by 1732.^(Etymonline) The verb, to fill with passion, is from about 1468.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1175 – the Passion of Christ.^(OED 1989)

+ * a. 1225 – suffering.^(OED 1989)

+ * a. 1250 – strong emotion.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1588 – sexual love.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1638 – enthusiasm.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1732 – an object of desire.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A very strong feeling, such as love, anger or hate.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Strong sexual love.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Great [[enthusiasm]] for something, or the thing loved: ''music is her passion''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # An outburst of strong emotion, especially anger.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(Passion)'' The suffering and death of Jesus, or a musical setting of the Gospel account of it.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[passionless]]

+ * [[passionful]]

+ * [[passionfully]]

+ * [[passionfulness]]

+ * [[passionlike]]

+ * [[dispassion]]

+ * [[impassionate]]

+ * [[passional]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[impassion]]

+ * [[impassive]]

+ * [[passionate]]

+ * [[passive]]

+ * [[passivity]]

+ * [[patience]]

+ * [[patient]]

+ * [[compassion]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Passion, fervor, fire, zeal and ardor all denote intense emotion; passion is a deep, overwhelming feeling.^(AHD)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}