procedure English · revision 5175
16 Oct 2026, 01:45 by bogdan “en10k b0194: tape … procedure” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1577|origins=fr procédure}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: UK /prəˈsiː.dʒə/, /prəʊˈsiː.dʒə/, US /prəˈsiː.dʒɚ/, /proʊˈsiː.dʒɚ/^(Roach et al. 2011)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|fr|procédure|t=manner of proceeding]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from Old French proceder “to proceed”.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) It is related to [[proceed]] and [[process]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The fact or manner of proceeding with an action: 1611 in the OED, in Cotgrave's Dictionary according to Barnhart, about 1577 in MWU.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ A particular course of action is from before 1677 (the 1670s in Etymonline),^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) and the steps taken in a legal action from 1676.^(OED 1989) The method of conducting business in Parliament is from 1839,^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) and in computing, a set of instructions for a specific task, from 1946.^(OED 1989) Progress or continuance of an action is from 1644 and is obsolete.^(OED 1989) ''Procedural'' is from 1889.^(Barnhart 1988)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 1577 – first known use.^(MWU 2024)
+ * 1611 – manner of proceeding.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * 1676 – legal procedure.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1839 – parliamentary procedure.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)
+ * 1946 – in computing.^(OED 1989)
+
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Noun===
+ # An established or official way of doing something.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+ # A series of steps followed in a regular order.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+ # A medical or surgical [[operation]].^(AHD)^(COED 2004)
+ # The rules for conducting the business of a court, meeting or legislature.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+ # ''(computing)'' A subroutine.^(Collins 2023)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[procedural]]
+ * [[standard operating procedure]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[proceed]]
+ * [[process]]
+ * [[procession]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}