quartus Latin · revision 5173

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kʷetwóres}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷaːr.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷar.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quārtus''' (feminine quārta, neuter quārtum); first/second-declension numeral^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kwatworto-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*kʷtur-tó-|t=fourth]], from [[ine-pro|*kʷetwóres|t=four]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Schrijver, followed by de Vaan, explains the ''a'' and the voicing in [[m|la|quadr-]] within Latin.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|τέταρτος|tr=tétartos|t=fourth]] and [[sa|चतुर्थ|tr=caturthá|t=fourth]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus counts three women, a fourth person and a fifth.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the ordinal “fourth” in number, in time and in rank, and ''quarta pars'' was a quarter.^(OLD 2012) ''Quārtum'' meant “for the fourth time”.^(Wiktionary) Cato, ranking farm land, puts olive groves fourth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its feminine ''quarta (pars)'' gave Old French ''quarte'' and [[en|quart]] in the early 14th century, and Medieval Latin ''in quārtō'' gave [[en|quarto]].^(Etymonline) It survives in [[it|quarto]], [[fr|quart]] and [[es|cuarto]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in counting people.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses ''quarta pars'' “a quarter”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''quart'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 15th century – English ''in quarto'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|fourth]] (in number, time or rank).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''quarta pars'', a [[m|en|quarter]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[quarta]]

+ * [[quārtānus]]

+ * [[quārtārius]]

+ * [[quarticeps]]

+ * [[quartum]]

+ * [[subquartus]]

+ * [[superquartus]]

+ * [[quartō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quattuor]]

+ * [[quadrus]]

+ * [[en|quart]]

+ * [[en|quarter]]

+ * [[en|quarto]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}