plenus Latin · revision 5155

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *pelh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɫeː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈplɛː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''plēnus''' (feminine plēna, neuter plēnum, comparative plēnior, superlative plēnissimus, adverb plēnē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*plēnos]], from an e-grade variant of [[ine-pro|*pl̥h₁nós|t=full]]; the zero grade would have given *plānus.^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) It belongs to the root of [[pleō]] “to fill”, as in [[compleō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cognate with [[sa|पूर्ण|tr=pūrṇá|t=full]], [[grc|πλήρης|tr=plḗrēs|t=full]], [[sga|lán|t=full]], [[cu|плънъ|tr=plŭnŭ|t=full]], [[lt|pilnas|t=full]] and [[ang|full]] ([[en|full]]).^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Ennius first.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010) Plautus has a character call for drink in full tankards.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant full, holding all it can, and having its proper contents, as opposed to empty.^(OLD 2012) With the genitive or ablative it meant abounding in something, and in a non-material sense full of business, perjury and the like.^(OLD 2012) Quintilian thought the ablative construction the more recent.^(OLD 2012) It also meant plump, and in poetry satisfied.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In medieval British Latin it kept the sense full or replete.^(DMLBS) It survives in [[it|pieno]], [[fr|plein]], [[es|lleno]] and [[pt|cheio]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses the word.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of full tankards.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95 AD – Quintilian calls the ablative construction the newer one.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|full]], filled to the brim.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Having its proper contents, not empty.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Abounding in, full of (with genitive or ablative).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Plump, bulky.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' Satisfied.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[plēnārius]]

+ * [[plēnilūnium]]

+ * [[plēnitās]]

+ * [[plēnitūdō]]

+ * [[sēmiplēnus]]

+ * [[plēnē]]

+ * [[plēnum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pleō]]

+ * [[plērus]]

+ * [[compleō]]

+ * [[en|plenty]]

+ * [[en|plenary]]

+ * [[en|full]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}