respondeo Latin · revision 5133

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *spend-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [rɛsˈpɔn.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [resˈpɔn.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''respondeō''' (present infinitive respondēre, perfect active respondī, supine respōnsum); second conjugation, third person-only in the passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|spondeō|t1=back|t2=to pledge, promise]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The verb ''spondeō'' is [[inh|itc-pro|*spondeje/o-|t=to libate, pledge]], [[inh|ine-pro|*spond-eie/o-|t=to libate]], cognate with [[grc|σπένδω|tr=spéndō|t=to pour a libation]] and [[hit|išpānt-i|t=to libate]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates his career to before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense was to promise something in return, as in Plautus' ''pār parī respondēre'' “to return like for like”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) The OLD thinks “to reply” was originally a legal term for answering the question of a formal pledge.^(OLD 2012) It meant to reply, to say or write in answer, and to give a formal reply, as rulers to envoys, oracles and jurists to those who consulted them.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to appear when summoned, to answer a charge, to echo, to match or correspond with, and to yield a return.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ It survives in [[it|rispondere]], [[fr|répondre]] and [[es|responder]], and [[en|respond]] is recorded about 1300.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''pār parī respondēre''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero complains that envoys were neither heard nor answered.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''respond'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To promise in return, ''pār parī respondēre'', to return like for like.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|reply]], [[m|en|answer]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To give a formal reply (of rulers, oracles, jurists).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To appear when summoned; to answer (a charge).^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of sound)'' To echo, resound.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To match, [[m|en|correspond]] with.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To yield a return.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[respōnsiō]]

+ * [[respōnsor]]

+ * [[responsoria]]

+ * [[respōnsum]]

+ * [[responsus]]

+ * [[correspondeō]]

+ * [[respōnsitō]]

+ * [[respōnsīvus]]

+ * [[respōnsō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cōnspondeō]]

+ * [[dēspondeō]]

+ * [[spondeō]]

+ * [[en|respond]]

+ * [[en|response]]

+ * [[en|responsible]]

+ * [[en|sponsor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}