plico Latin · revision 5131

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=back-formation|attested=Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *pleḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈplɪ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpliː.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''plicō''' (present infinitive plicāre, perfect active plicuī, supine plicātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a back-formation from compound verbs in [[m|la|-plicō]], such as [[applicō]], [[complicō]], [[explicō]] and [[implicō]], which are older than the simple verb.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan takes these as *-plek-ā-, verbs made from compound adjectives, and connects them with [[plectō]] “to plait”, [[inh|itc-pro|*plekt-]], from [[ine-pro|*pleḱ-|t=to plait, twine]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|πλέκω|tr=plékō|t=to plait]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL notes that most scholars explain the ''i'' from the compounds, but that the senses of folding and plaiting differ.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates the simple verb from Lucretius, who uses it of bending the joints of the legs; the compounds are found from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to fold, bend or flex, and to twine or coil, as a snake coils itself.^(OLD 2012) In post-classical prose it was used of folding or rolling up a document.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ It survives in [[ro|pleca]], [[it|piegare]], [[fr|plier]] and [[fr|ployer]], and [[es|plegar]].^(Wiktionary) Old French ''pleir'' gave [[en|plait]], and Latin ''plicāre'' lies behind [[en|ply]] through [[en|apply]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the compounds ''applicāre'' and ''explicāre''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses the simple verb of bending limbs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a snake coiling.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''plait'' “to fold” is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|fold]], bend, flex.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To twine, [[m|en|coil]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To roll up (a document).^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[applicō]]

+ * [[circumplicō]]

+ * [[complex]]

+ * [[complicō]]

+ * [[dēplicō]]

+ * [[displicō]]

+ * [[explicō]]

+ * [[implicō]]

+ * [[interplicō]]

+ * [[perplicātus]]

+ * [[plica]]

+ * [[plicātilis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[plectō]]

+ * [[supplex]]

+ * [[en|ply]]

+ * [[en|plait]]

+ * [[en|apply]]

+ * [[en|complicate]]

+ * [[en|explicit]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}