finio Latin · revision 5108
16 Oct 2026, 01:42 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=la fīnis}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfiː.ni.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfiː.ni.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''fīniō''' (present infinitive fīnīre, perfect active fīnīvī or fīniī, supine fīnītum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|fīnis|-iō|t1=boundary, limit]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The origin of ''fīnis'' is disputed: Walde and Hofmann reconstruct *fīg-s-ni- “something driven in”, a boundary stone or pole; others connect a root *bʰiH- “to strike”, or Proto-Germanic *baina- “bone, leg”, perhaps once an upright boundary mark.^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Varro,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it of a place for augury marked out with set words.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Its first sense was to mark out the boundaries of a territory, and of things, to form the end of something in space.^(OLD 2012) From this it meant to fix the limits of an empire, to limit or restrict in time or scope, to lay down a number or date, and to define or describe.^(OLD 2012) Above all it came to mean to put an end to, to finish, as Caesar says the war could have been finished that day, and intransitively to come to an end.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ It survives in [[it|finire]] and Old French ''fenir'', whose stem ''finiss-'' gave [[en|finish]] in the late 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of marking out a sacred precinct.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar says the Rhine bounds the empire of the Roman people.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar says the war could have been finished in a day.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''finish'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To mark out the [[m|en|boundary|alt=boundaries]] of.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To form the end of; to end (at a point).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To fix the limits of; to [[m|en|limit]], restrict.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To lay down, appoint (a number or date).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To [[m|en|define]], describe.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To put an end to, [[m|en|finish]], ''(intransitive)'' to come to an end.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[dēfīniō]]
+ * [[effīnītus]]
+ * [[fīnītiō]]
+ * [[fīnītīvus]]
+ * [[fīnītor]]
+ * [[īnfīnītus]]
+ * [[praefiniō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[fīnālis]]
+ * [[fīniēns]]
+ * [[fīnis]]
+ * [[fīnītē]]
+ * [[fīnitimus]]
+ * [[fīnītus]]
+ * [[īnfīnitās]]
+ * [[īnfīnītē]]
+ * [[īnfīnītiō]]
+ * [[en|finish]]
+ * [[en|final]]
+ * [[en|define]]
+ * [[en|infinite]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}