appello Latin · revision 5101

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *pelh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [apˈpɛl.loː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [apˈpɛl.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''appellō''' (present infinitive appellāre, perfect active appellāvī, supine appellātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a frequentative of [[m|la|appellō|alt=appellere]] “to drive to”, [[af|la|ad-|pellō|t1=to, towards|t2=to push, drive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The verb ''pellō'' is [[inh|itc-pro|*pelna-|t=to approach]], [[inh|ine-pro|*pl̥-n(e)-h₂-|t=to approach]], cognate with [[grc|πίλναμαι|tr=pílnamai|t=to approach]].^(de Vaan 2008) Lewis and Short take the meaning to have been “to go to someone in order to speak to him”, like [[adeō|alt=adīre]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation is Ennius, where someone addresses a man with “why are you playing about, you fool?”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to speak to, address or accost someone, and to appeal to someone for help.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to summon, and to call by name or name.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ It survives in [[it|appellare]] and [[fr|appeler]].^(Wiktionary) Through Anglo-French ''apeler'' it gave [[en|appeal]], first in the legal sense in the early 14th century, and through the noun ''appellātiō'' [[en|appellation]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of addressing a man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has “don't speak to me”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of appealing to a mother.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''appeal'' is recorded in law.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To speak to, [[m|en|address]], accost.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|appeal]] to, call on for help.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To call by name; to [[m|en|name]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[appellātiō]]

+ * [[appellātīvus]]

+ * [[appellātor]]

+ * [[appellatorius]]

+ * [[appellitō]]

+ * [[appulsus]]

+ * [[appulsiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pellō]]

+ * [[en|appeal]]

+ * [[en|appellation]]

+ * [[en|appellate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different verb [[la|appellō|alt=appellō, appellere]] (third conjugation, perfect ''appulī'') meant to drive cattle to a place, to bring ships to shore, and to put in at a port.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}