cathedra Latin · revision 5084

16 Oct 2026, 01:42 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Horace|origins=grc καθέδρα}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈka.tʰɛ.dra], [kaˈtʰɛd.ra]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.te.dra], [kaˈtɛd.ra]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''cathedra''' ''f'' (genitive cathedrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|καθέδρα|tr=kathédra|t=seat]], from [[m|grc|κατά|tr=katá|t=down]] and [[m|grc|ἕδρα|tr=hédra|t=seat]].^(OLD 2012)^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler gives Horace first,^(Köbler 2010) who tells a critic to go and whine among the easy chairs of his female pupils.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Horace 65–8 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In Classical Latin it was an armchair or easy chair, used especially by women, and a sedan chair.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It was also the chair of a teacher or professor.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ In Christian Latin it became the chair of a bishop, his see and dignity, and the cathedral church itself; it was also a royal throne.^(Niermeyer 1976) The phrase ''ecclesia cathedrālis'' “church of the bishop's seat” gave [[en|cathedral]].^(Etymonline) It survives in [[it|cattedra]], and through Old French ''chaiere'' it gave [[en|chair]] in the early 13th century and [[fr|chaise]], whence [[en|chaise]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of easy chairs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal uses it of a sedan chair.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * Late Latin – It is used of a bishop's see.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ * early 13th century – English ''chair'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # An [[m|en|armchair]], easy chair.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A sedan chair.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A teacher's chair.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A bishop's chair; a see; a [[m|en|cathedral]].^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A royal throne.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[cathedralicius]]
+ * [[cathedrālis]]
+ * [[cathedrārius]]
+ * [[cathedrātus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[sēdēs]]
+ * [[en|chair]]
+ * [[en|cathedral]]
+ * [[en|chaise]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}