caminus Latin · revision 5082

16 Oct 2026, 01:41 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Cato|origins=grc κάμινος}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [kaˈmiː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kaˈmiː.nus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''camīnus''' ''m'' (genitive camīnī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|κάμινος|tr=káminos|t=furnace, oven]].^(OLD 2012)^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Cato, in his book on farming, tells how to stack fig wood in the furnace.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It was a domestic stove, a furnace or forge, and in poetry the forge of Vulcan and the Cyclopes.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Pliny the Elder uses it of vents of subterranean fire, and figuratively it meant fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ In Late Latin ''camera camīnāta'' was a room with a fireplace, and medieval ''camīnāta'' gave Old French ''cheminee'' and [[en|chimney]], first “furnace”, in the late 13th century.^(Etymonline) In medieval Latin ''camīnus'' was also a room with a chimney, and in British Latin a hearth, fireplace or grate.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in [[it|camino]].^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a stove.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the forges of the Cyclopes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of vents of subterranean fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 13th century – English ''chimney'' “furnace” is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A stove, [[m|en|fireplace]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # A [[m|en|furnace]], [[m|en|forge]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A vent of subterranean fire.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(figurative)'' Fire.^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A room with a chimney; a hearth, grate.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[camīnō]]
+ * [[camīnāta]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[en|chimney]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ A different medieval word ''camīnus'', from Celtic, meant a road and the right to tax traffic on it.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}