luo Latin · revision 5067

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Accius|origins=ine-pro *lewH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫu.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈluː.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''luō''' (present infinitive luere, perfect active luī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ Varro gives the perfect as ''lūī'', but verse always has ''luī''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*luwe/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*l(é)uH-|t=to cut loose]], with a thematic present that is probably secondary to the root aorist.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|λύω|tr=lúō|t=to loosen, release]], [[sa|लुनाति|tr=lunā́ti|t=cuts off]] and [[sga|as·loí|t=flees]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Its compound [[solvō]] “to loosen” is from the same root.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Accius uses it of paying a penalty.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Accius 170–c. 90 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to suffer a punishment, especially ''poenās luere'' “to pay the penalty”, as Cicero's paying for his own fault.^(OLD 2012) It was to atone or make amends for an offence, to avert dangers by expiation, to fulfil a promise or discharge a debt, and to set persons free.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Its noun [[luēs]] “plague, affliction” is from Cicero on.^(de Vaan 2008) It was borrowed as learned [[es|luir]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 230/220–168 BC – Caecilius uses ''reluere'' “to redeem”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of paying the penalty for his fault.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To suffer (a punishment) by way of expiation, ''poenās luere'', to pay the penalty.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|atone]] for, [[m|en|expiate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To avert (troubles) by expiation.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To discharge (a debt); to fulfil (a promise).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To set free.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[solvō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[luēs]]

+ * [[lūstrum]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A rare homograph ''luere'' “to wash” is a back-formation from compounds of [[lavō]], such as [[abluō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}