rapio Latin · revision 5055

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₁rp-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈra.pi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈraː.pi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rapiō''' (present infinitive rapere, perfect active rapuī, supine raptum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*rap-i-|t=to seize]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁rp-i-|t=to seize]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan takes it from the zero grade *h₁rp- of a root *h₁rep-, which gave *erp- and then a new zero grade *rap- beside a full grade *rep-.^(de Vaan 2008) Schrijver instead posits a separate root *h₁rh₁p-, with the same meaning.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ἐρέπτομαι|tr=eréptomai|t=to devour, snatch away]], [[sq|rjep|t=to strip, rob]] and [[lt|aprė́pti|t=to take, catch]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Older dictionaries compared [[grc|ἁρπάζω|tr=harpázō]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan finds it first in Naevius, with an older ''s''-future in Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic sense was to seize and carry off by force.^(OLD 2012) From this it meant to take property as plunder (in law it distinguished robbery from theft), to sack a place, to carry off and ravish a woman, and, of death or disease, to carry a person off.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to seize something by constraint and to hurry a person along, and with a reflexive pronoun to rush off.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The derivatives [[rapidus]], [[rapāx]] and [[rapīna]] keep the idea of violent speed and greed.^(de Vaan 2008) The verb survives in [[it|rapire]] and [[fr|ravir]], the source of [[en|ravish]]; [[en|rape]] came through Anglo-French ''raper'', a legal term probably from Latin ''rapere''.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses the verb.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has the old ''s''-future ''surrepsit''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''ravishen'' “to seize by violence” is recorded, from Old French ''ravir''.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – English ''rapen'' “to seize prey, abduct” is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To seize and carry off, [[m|en|snatch]] away.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To take by force as [[m|en|plunder]], ''(law)'' to rob.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|sack]] (a place).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To carry off and violate, [[m|en|ravish]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of death or disease)'' To carry off.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To seize by constraint, get hold of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To drag or hurry along, ''(reflexive)'' to rush off.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abripiō]]

+ * [[arripiō]]

+ * [[corripiō]]

+ * [[dīripiō]]

+ * [[ēripiō]]

+ * [[praeripiō]]

+ * [[prōripiō]]

+ * [[rapīna]]

+ * [[rapāx]]

+ * [[rapidus]]

+ * [[rapō]]

+ * [[raptim]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[repēns]]

+ * [[ūtor]]

+ * [[en|rapid]]

+ * [[en|rapacious]]

+ * [[en|rapture]]

+ * [[en|ravish]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}