rivus Latin · revision 5027

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₃reyH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈriː.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈriː.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rīvus''' ''m'' (genitive rīvī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*rīwo-|t=stream]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₃riH-uo-|t=whirling]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|रिणाति|tr=riṇā́ti|t=makes flow]], [[sa|रीयते|tr=rī́yate|t=flows, whirls]] and [[mga|rían|t=river, sea]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius uses it, and the Duenos inscription may have the ablative plural ''riuois'' “with streams”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was a small stream or brook, as Lucretius' lying beside a stream of water, and an artificial channel or conduit for irrigation, as Virgil's “close the channels”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Often in exaggeration it was a stream of blood, tears or another liquid.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In medieval Britain it was a stream used for fulling and for drinking water.^(DMLBS) Its derivative [[rīvālis]], one who shares a stream, gave English ''rival'', and [[dērīvō]] “to draw off water” gave ''derive''.^(Etymonline) It survives as [[it|rio]], [[es|río]] and [[ro|râu]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses ''dērīvāre''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''derive'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1570s – English ''rival'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A small stream, [[m|en|brook]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|channel]], conduit, [[m|en|canal]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A stream (of blood, tears and the like).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dērīvō]]

+ * [[rīvālis]]

+ * [[rīvātim]]

+ * [[rīvifīnālis]]

+ * [[rīvō]]

+ * [[rīvora]]

+ * [[rīvulus]]

+ * [[*rīvusculum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[irrītō]]

+ * [[en|rival]]

+ * [[en|derive]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}