scalpo Latin · revision 5010

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Sisenna}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈskaɫ.poː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈskal.po]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''scalpō''' (present infinitive scalpere, perfect active scalpsī, supine scalptum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is perhaps [[inh|itc-pro|*skalp-]], from [[ine-pro|*sk(e)lp-|t=to split off]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan compares [[lt|sklem̃bti|t=to slide off]] and Germanic *skelf- “to split off”, as in [[goh|scelifa|t=outer skin]].^(de Vaan 2008) The Oxford Latin Dictionary compares [[grc|σκάλοψ|tr=skálops|t=mole]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Sisenna uses it, and Plautus already has ''scalpurrīre'' “to keep scratching”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to scratch with the nails, as Plautus' “why are you scratching at the door?”, and to scrape.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was to carve or engrave, as Pliny's report that Phidias carved marble, and to dig, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis and Short say it was used of surface work, against ''sculpō'', deeper carving.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Its noun ''scalprum'' “scraping tool” and diminutive ''scalpellum'' gave English ''scalpel''.^(Etymonline) [[sculpō]] was formed from its compounds, and gave ''sculpture''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''scalpurrīre''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of carving marble.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1742 – English ''scalpel'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|scratch]] (with the nails); to scrape.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|carve]], [[m|en|engrave]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ascalpo]]

+ * [[circumscalpō]]

+ * [[exscalpo]]

+ * [[scalptor]]

+ * [[scalptōrium]]

+ * [[scalptūra]]

+ * [[scalpurriō]]

+ * [[subscalpo]]

+ * [[auriscalpium]]

+ * [[dentiscalpium]]

+ * [[dēsculpō]]

+ * [[exsculpō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sculpō]]

+ * [[en|scalpel]]

+ * [[en|sculpture]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}