serenus Latin · revision 4999

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kseh₁-ró-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sɛˈreː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [seˈrɛː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''serēnus''' (feminine serēna, neuter serēnum, adverb serēnē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*(k)seró-|t=dry]], [[inh|ine-pro|*Kseh₁-ró-|t=dry]], built like [[serēscō]] “to become dry” on an unattested stative verb *serē- “to be dry”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Cognate with [[grc|ξηρός|tr=xērós|t=dry, arid]] and [[goh|serawēn|t=to dry out]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The short /e/ may be due to shortening before the accent.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Ennius describes thunder on the left in clear weather.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was of the sky and weather clear, cloudless and fine, as Cicero's ''caelō serēnō'', and of winds bringing fair weather.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary) Of colours and liquids it was clear and pure, and of a face or mind calm, cheerful and untroubled.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) As a noun ''serēnum'' was fair weather.^(DMLBS)

+

+ It was also a name, as Annaeus Serenus, Seneca's friend.^(Gaffiot 2016) Through Old French ''serein'' it gave English ''serene'', first of a clear, calm day.^(Etymonline) Italian ''serenata'' “evening song”, from ''sereno'' “open air”, gave ''serenade''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of fair weather.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''serene'' is recorded of a day.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1640s – English ''serenade'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Clear, cloudless, fair, fine (of the sky, weather).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Clear, pure (of colours, liquids).^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Serene]], calm, cheerful, untroubled.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inserēnus]]

+ * [[serēnificus]]

+ * [[serēnitās]]

+ * [[serēnō]]

+ * [[serēnum]]

+ * [[serēscō]]

+ * [[serēnē]]

+ * [[serēnifer]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|serene]]

+ * [[en|serenade]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}