sterno Latin · revision 4996

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *sterh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈstɛr.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈstɛr.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sternō''' (present infinitive sternere, perfect active strāvī, supine strātum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Manilius and Varro have the shortened ''strārat'', ''strāsset''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*sterna-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*st(e)r-n-h₃-|t=to spread, strew]], a nasal present.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The perfect was formed after the participle.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|स्तृणाति|tr=stṛṇā́ti|t=spreads out, strews]], [[grc|στόρνυμι|tr=stórnumi|t=to spread]] and [[sga|sernaid|t=spreads]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to spread out on the ground, especially coverings to lie on, as Ovid's fleece, to spread a couch with blankets, and to lay stones for a pavement or to pave a road.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was to strew or cover with something, to stretch on the ground or strike down, to overthrow, and to level or raze a town.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Rarely it was to calm or still.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Its participle in ''via strāta'' “paved road” gave Late Latin ''strāta'' and Old English ''strǣt'', English ''street''.^(Etymonline) The noun ''strātum'' “coverlet, pavement” gave ''stratum''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid spreads a fleece on the ground.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Old English – ''strǣt'' “street” is borrowed from ''strāta''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1590s – English ''stratum'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|spread]] out, lay out (coverings).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To spread (a couch) with coverings; to strew, cover.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|pave]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To stretch on the ground, strike down; to overthrow; to raze.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To calm (the sea).^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[asternō]]

+ * [[cōnsternō]]

+ * [[dēsternō]]

+ * [[disternō]]

+ * [[exsternō]]

+ * [[īnsternō]]

+ * [[intersternō]]

+ * [[obsternō]]

+ * [[persternō]]

+ * [[praesternō]]

+ * [[prōsternō]]

+ * [[sternāx]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|street]]

+ * [[en|stratum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}