vaco Latin · revision 4979

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwa.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvaː.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vacō''' (present infinitive vacāre, perfect active vacāvī or vacuī, supine vacātum); first conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus also has ''vocō''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a verb from [[itc-pro|*wako-|t=empty]], from [[ine-pro|*h₁uh₂-ko-]], an adjective also behind [[vacuus]] “empty”.^(de Vaan 2008) Nussbaum reconstructs the root as *h₁ueh₂-.^(de Vaan 2008) The forms with ⟨voc-⟩ come from a change of /a/ to /o/ before the accent.^(de Vaan 2008) Umbrian [[m|xum|vasetom|t=made faulty]] is a cognate, but no certain cognates outside Italic are known.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was of a space to be empty or vacant, of places to have no occupants, as Cicero's empty upper floor of a house, and to be free from something.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was to be available for someone, to have leisure or time for something, and ''vacat'' “there is time or room to”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Döderlein says it means to have one's time free, against [[ōtior]], being at leisure.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Its participle gave English ''vacant'', and ''vacātiō'' “exemption, leisure” gave ''vacation''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''vacātiō''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''vacant'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – English ''vacation'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be [[m|en|empty]], [[m|en|vacant]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To be unoccupied (of places).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be free (from).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be at leisure; to have time (for).^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''Vacat'', there is room or time.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[supervacāneō]]

+ * [[supervacāneus]]

+ * [[supervacō]]

+ * [[vacāns]]

+ * [[uacanter]]

+ * [[vacantia]]

+ * [[vacātiō]]

+ * [[vacātūra]]

+ * [[vacīvus]]

+ * [[vocīvus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[supervacuus]]

+ * [[vacēfīō]]

+ * [[vacua]]

+ * [[vacuē]]

+ * [[vacuēfaciō]]

+ * [[vacuitās]]

+ * [[Vacūna]]

+ * [[vacūnālis]]

+ * [[vacuō]]

+ * [[vacuum]]

+ * [[vacuus]]

+ * [[en|vacant]]

+ * [[en|vacation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}