ventus Latin · revision 4977

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₂weh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɛn.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɛn.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ventus''' ''m'' (genitive ventī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wē̆nto-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂ueh₁-nt-o-|t=wind]], from the present participle of [[ine-pro|*h₂weh₁-|t=to blow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The short /e/ shows Osthoff's shortening.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[cy|gwynt|t=wind]], [[hit|ḫuwant-|t=wind]], [[sa|वात|tr=vā́ta|t=wind]], [[goh|wint|t=wind]] and [[en|wind]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius uses it, and Plautus has a wind that took the roof off a farmhouse.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was a wind, as Cicero's ''ventus Āfricus'', a wind favouring or hindering a voyage, as Plautus' “carried by a fair wind on a calm sea”, and the wind that scatters things.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was a draught or puff of air.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein calls it the general word for wind, against ''procella'', a squall, and ''tempestās'', a storm.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was also one's last breath.^(Niermeyer 1976) Its diminutive gave ''ventilāre'' “to fan, winnow”, the source of English ''ventilate''.^(Etymonline) All the Romance languages kept it, as [[it|vento]], [[fr|vent]], [[es|viento]] and [[ro|vânt]].^(DÉRom)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a fair wind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''ventilate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Wind]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A favourable or contrary wind (for a voyage).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A draught, [[m|en|breeze]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' One's last breath.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vannus]]

+ * [[vēlōx]]

+ * [[en|wind]]

+ * [[en|ventilate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A fourth-declension homograph ''ventus'' “a coming, arrival”, from [[veniō]], is used by Varro.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}