vitis Latin · revision 4973

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *weyh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwiː.tɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈviː.tis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vītis''' ''f'' (genitive vītis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wīti-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*uh₁i-ti-|t=weaving]], a noun in *-ti- from the root of [[vieō]] “to plait”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[lt|výtis|t=withy]] and [[goh|wīda|t=willow]].^(OLD 2012) De Vaan compares the PIE etymology of [[vīnum]] “wine”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius calls Lyaeus the inventor of the sacred vine.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was the grapevine, as Cato's layering a vine in a basket and Virgil's half-pruned vine on the elm, and a single shoot or cane.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was the vine staff of a Roman centurion, the sign of his rank, a marine plant in Pliny, and a siege shelter, like [[vīnea]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In Christian Latin it was applied to Christ, from John 15, “I am the vine”, and ''vītis silvestris'' was the wild vine.^(DMLBS) In medieval Latin it also meant a vineyard.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives as [[it|vite]] and [[es|vid]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato gives instructions for layering vines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil mentions a half-pruned vine on an elm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|grapevine]], vine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A shoot or cane of a vine.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # A centurion's vine staff.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A siege shelter.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|vineyard]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vīticula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vieō]]

+ * [[vīnum]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore says Noah first planted the vine, and calls Christ the vine because we are redeemed by his blood.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}