chart English · revision 4967

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1571|origins=grc χάρτης}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /tʃɑːt/, US /tʃɑːrt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|frm|charte|t=card, map]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from [[la|charta|t=paper, card, map]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[grc|χάρτης|tr=chártēs|t=leaf of paper, roll of papyrus]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) perhaps of Egyptian origin.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) It is a doublet of [[card]], and related to [[charter]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A map: 1571 in the OED, Barnhart and MWU, the 1570s in Etymonline, where it is a map for navigators.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Charte was the original French form in all senses, but after the 14th century carte began to replace it, and English used both carte and card for “map” from the 15th to the 17th century; in the 17th century chart could also be a playing card.^(Etymonline)^(HTOED) The words then went their separate ways, and chart has kept the “map” sense.^(Etymonline) A sea-chart for navigators is from 1696, and an outline map for other purposes from 1580.^(OED 1989) A sheet of information in tables is from 1840,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) and a graph of changing quantities from 1880.^(OED 1989) In music a chart is an arrangement or score (1957),^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and a list of the best-selling records from 1963;^(OED 1989) Etymonline dates the charts printed in Billboard from about 1942, and the verb “to appear on them” by 1961.^(Etymonline) The verb, to map, is from 1842 in Barnhart and MWU, 1837 in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1571 – a map.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1696 – a sea-chart.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1837 – verb, to map.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1840 – a table of information.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1880 – a graph.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1957 – a musical arrangement.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1963 – the record charts.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A drawing that shows information as a [[graph]], diagram or table.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A [[map]] of the sea or the sky, used for [[navigation]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''the charts'': the weekly list of best-selling pop records.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make a map or chart of something.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To record or follow the progress of something.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To plan a course of action.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Of a record, to appear in the charts.^(Collins 2023)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[chartable]]

+ * [[prechart]]

+ * [[chartless]]

+ * [[rechart]]

+ * [[bar chart]]

+ * [[control chart]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[card]]

+ * [[cartography]]

+ * [[cartoon]]

+ * [[cartouche]]

+ * [[charter]]

+ * [[Magna Carta]]

+ * [[carton]]

+ * [[cartel]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In Kent and Surrey dialect a chart is a rough common overgrown with gorse and bracken, often in place-names.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}