noceo Latin · revision 4961

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *neḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈnɔ.ke.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈnɔː.t͡ʃe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''noceō''' (present infinitive nocēre, perfect active nocuī, supine nocitum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The Twelve Tables and Lucilius have the old subjunctive ''noxit''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*nokeje-|t=to cause death]], [[inh|ine-pro|*noḱ-eie-|t=to make disappear, cause death]], a causative of [[ine-pro|*neḱ-|t=to perish]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) It is related to [[nex]] “violent death” and [[necō]] “to kill”.^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[sa|नाशयति|tr=nāśáyati|t=makes disappear, destroys]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus has “say what you like, I won't hurt you”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to hurt or damage, usually with the dative, of people physically and in their interests, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was to impair a faculty, and to do moral harm, as the sweetness of poets' words has done harm.^(OLD 2012) ''Noxam nocēre'' was to commit an offence.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its derivatives gave [[innocēns]] “harmless, not guilty” and [[noxius]] “harmful”.^(de Vaan 2008) Through Old French ''nuire'' it gave English ''nuisance'', first “harm”.^(Etymonline) It survives as [[it|nuocere]] and [[fr|nuire]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it with the dative.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''nuisance'' “harm” is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|hurt]], harm, [[m|en|injure]], damage.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To harm (someone's interests).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To impair.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To corrupt (morally).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''Noxam nocēre'', to commit an offence.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[innocēns]]

+ * [[nocentia]]

+ * [[nocīvus]]

+ * [[nocumentum]]

+ * [[nocuus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nex]]

+ * [[necō]]

+ * [[en|nuisance]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}