novem Latin · revision 4960

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₁néwn̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈnɔ.wẽː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈnɔː.vem]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''novem''' (indeclinable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*newn̥|t=nine]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁néwn̥|t=nine]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The ending ⟨-em⟩ for expected ⟨-en⟩ is due to [[septem]] and [[decem]], and the older form survives in [[nōnus]] “ninth”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sga|nóí]], [[sa|नव|tr=náva]], [[grc|ἐννέα|tr=ennéa]], [[got|𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽|tr=niun]] and [[en|nine]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was the number nine, as Cicero's nine spheres of the heavens, and in compounds, as Caesar's nineteen miles, ''decem novem'', beside the usual ''ūndēvīgintī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Its derivative ''November'' was the ninth month of the old Roman year, which began in March, and gave English ''November''.^(Etymonline)^(de Vaan 2008) [[nūndinae]] “market day” comes from “the ninth day”.^(de Vaan 2008) It survives as [[it|nove]], [[fr|neuf]] and [[es|nueve]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses ''November''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''November'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|Nine]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nōnus]]

+ * [[nūndinae]]

+ * [[en|nine]]

+ * [[en|November]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore says Scripture names nine orders of angels.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}