oro Latin · revision 4948

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=la ōs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈoː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ōrō''' (present infinitive ōrāre, perfect active ōrāvī, supine ōrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the old perfect subjunctive ''ōrāssis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan takes it as a denominative verb from [[ōs]] “mouth”, as Varro already did, against Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet; the earliest sense is “to plead, speak openly”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Varro)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Rix and the LIV instead derive it, with [[osc|urust|t=will have prosecuted]], from [[ine-pro|*h₂er-|t=to speak solemnly]], which de Vaan finds very unlikely.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The Oxford Latin Dictionary compares [[hit|ariya-|t=to consult an oracle]] and [[grc|ἀρά|tr=ará|t=prayer]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in the Twelve Tables and in Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus uses it of speaking: “what you say is good and fair”.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In early Latin it was to speak or plead, and ''ōrātor'' was an envoy.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Classical Latin it was to pray to or beseech a god or person for something, and to speak before a court or assembly, to plead a case.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein says the one who asks with ''ōrāre'' stands below the one asked, while [[rogō]] is asking as an equal.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Church Latin it was to pray, supplicate and plead.^(Stelten 1995) Its derivatives gave English ''oracle'', from [[ōrāculum]], ''orator'', from [[ōrātor]], and ''adore'', from [[adōrō]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of speaking.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses ''ōrātor'' and ''ōrātiō''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''oracle'' and ''orator'' are recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|pray]] to, beseech, [[m|en|entreat]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To speak; to plead (before a court or assembly).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[adōrō]]

+ * [[deōrātus]]

+ * [[exōrō]]

+ * [[inōrātus]]

+ * [[inoro]]

+ * [[orabilis]]

+ * [[ōrāculum]]

+ * [[ōrātiō]]

+ * [[ōrātor]]

+ * [[ōrātrīx]]

+ * [[ōrātum]]

+ * [[ōrātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ōrātōriē]]

+ * [[ōrātōrius]]

+ * [[ōs]]

+ * [[rogō]]

+ * [[en|oracle]]

+ * [[en|orator]]

+ * [[en|adore]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Varro derives ''ōrō'' from ''ōs'', together with ''ōrātiō'', ''ōrātor'' and ''ōsculum''.^(Varro)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}