plaga Latin · revision 4943

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pleh₂g-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɫaː.ɡa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈplaː.ɡa]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''plāga''' ''f'' (genitive plāgae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*plāgā]], [[inh|ine-pro|*pl(e)h₂g-h₂-|t=blow]], from the root of [[plangō]] “to strike”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[grc|πληγή|tr=plēgḗ|t=blow, stroke]] and [[sq|plojë|t=slaughter]].^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it of ribs calloused by blows.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was a blow or stroke given with force, as of a whip, and the wound or gash it made.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it was a blow of fortune, a loss or misfortune.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein says it is a wound from any instrument used to strike, against [[vulnus]], from a weapon.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Late Latin, and in the Vulgate, it was an affliction or plague sent by God.^(Etymonline)^(Niermeyer 1976) Through Old French it gave English ''plague'', first “affliction”, then “malignant disease”.^(Etymonline) It survives as [[it|piaga]], [[fr|plaie]] and [[es|llaga]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of blows.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of pestilence.^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''plague'' “affliction” is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|blow]], [[m|en|stroke]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|wound]], gash.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A misfortune, loss.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' A divine punishment, [[m|en|plague]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[plāgiger]]

+ * [[plāgōsus]]

+ * [[sesquiplāga]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[plangō]]

+ * [[vulnus]]

+ * [[en|plague]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ There are two homographs ''plaga'' with a short /a/: one “a region, tract”, the source of Italian ''piaggia'' and Spanish ''playa'', and one “a hunting net”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}