purus Latin · revision 4929

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pewH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpuː.rʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpuː.rus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pūrus''' (feminine pūra, neuter pūrum, comparative pūrior, superlative pūrissimus, adverb pūrē or pūriter); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pūro-|t=pure]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ph₂ú-ro-|t=clear, cleansed]], from the root [[ine-pro|*pewH-|t=to cleanse]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Latin and Celtic share a stem *pūro- “clean”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|úr|t=green, fresh]], [[sa|पवते|tr=pávate|t=becomes clean]] and [[goh|fowen|t=to sift]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) [[pūtus]] “pure” is from the same root.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it of a woman who wants her house clean.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was clean, free from dirt, pure or unmixed, as Horace's purer water.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was ritually clean, morally blameless and free from bloodshed, and chaste.^(OLD 2012) Of the sky it was clear, of ground open and free of weeds and stones.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein contrasts it, pure as opposed to defiled, with [[mundus]], neat as opposed to dirty.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In medieval Latin it also meant mere.^(Niermeyer 1976) Through Old French ''pur'' it gave English ''pure'', first of unalloyed gold.^(Etymonline) It survives as [[it|puro]], [[fr|pur]] and [[es|puro]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace speaks of purer water.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-13th century – English ''pure'' is recorded of gold.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Clean]], free from dirt.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|Pure]], unmixed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Ritually clean.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Morally pure, innocent; [[m|en|chaste]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of the sky, clear; of ground, open.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Mere.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[impūrus]]

+ * [[perpurus]]

+ * [[purefacio]]

+ * [[pūrgō]]

+ * [[pūrificō]]

+ * [[purificus]]

+ * [[pūritās]]

+ * [[pūritia]]

+ * [[pūrō]]

+ * [[dēpūrō]]

+ * [[pūrē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[paviō]]

+ * [[pīus]]

+ * [[pūr(i)gō]]

+ * [[mundus]]

+ * [[en|pure]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}