quies Latin · revision 4927

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kʷyeh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷi.eːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷiː.es]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quiēs''' ''f'' (genitive quiētis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Laevius and Naevius have the ablative ''quiē''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kʷiē-ti-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*kʷieh₁-ti-|t=rest, peace]], from an aorist [[ine-pro|*kʷyeh₁-|t=to rest]].^(de Vaan 2008) The perfect of [[quiēscō]] probably continues the PIE root aorist.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[peo|šiyāti-|t=welfare, peace]], [[cu|почити|tr=počiti|t=to rest]] and [[non|hvíla|t=bed]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) [[tranquillus]] “calm” is from the same root.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus says he put gain before sleep and rest.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was the repose of sleep, rest from toil, as Cicero's rest of old age, and in poetry the sleep of death, ''quiēs aeterna''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was inaction or idleness, and calm or peaceful conduct, and in poetry a dream.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Döderlein says it is complete rest, against [[tranquillitās]], calm in acting.^(Döderlein 1874) Livy mentions Quies, Rest personified as a goddess.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was a peaceful existence and the quiet of the religious life.^(DMLBS) Through ''quiētus'' it gave English ''quiet'', ''coy'' and ''quit''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of sleep.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero calls death a rest from toil.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''quiet'' “calm” is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Sleep]], repose.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|Rest]], relief from toil; peace.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' The sleep of death.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Inaction, idleness; calm.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(poetic)'' A [[m|en|dream]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inquiēs]]

+ * [[quiētūdō]]

+ * [[quiēscō]]

+ * [[quiētālis]]

+ * [[requiēs]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quiētus]]

+ * [[tranquillus]]

+ * [[en|quiet]]

+ * [[en|coy]]

+ * [[en|quit]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ An old adjective ''quiēs'' “quiet” appears in Naevius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}