rana Latin · revision 4925

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=onomatopoeia|attested=Varro}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈraː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈraː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rāna''' ''f'' (genitive rānae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is onomatopoeic, probably imitating a croaking sound “rā”, from [[itc-pro|*rā-nā-]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan and the Thesaurus mention a possible root [[ine-pro|*reh₂(i)-|t=to roar]], as in [[sa|रायति|tr=rā́yati|t=barks]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) The Oxford Latin Dictionary compares [[rancō]] “to roar”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Varro says the frog is named from its own voice.^(OLD 2012)^(Varro) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was a frog, including the toad, as Virgil's frogs croaking in the mud and Cicero's frog that forecasts rain.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''Rāna marīna'' was the angler fish, and it was a swelling under the tongue of animals, and a mark for the water level in a bath.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In medieval Latin the frog was a type of garrulity, ugliness or rancour.^(DMLBS) Through Old French ''raine'' “frog” it gave English ''rennet'', a speckled apple.^(Etymonline) It survives as [[it|rana]] and [[es|rana]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro explains its name.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil's frogs croak in the mud.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''rennet'', a kind of apple, is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|frog]]; a [[m|en|toad]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''Rāna marīna'', the angler fish.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A swelling under the tongue of an animal.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # A mark for the water level in a bath.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rānula]]

+ * [[rānunculus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|rennet]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}