cratis Latin · revision 4904
16 Oct 2026, 00:31 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkraː.tɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkraː.tis]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''crātis''' ''f'' (genitive crātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ Plautus has the accusative singular ''crātim''; the nominative singular is rare.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*krāti-|t=wickerwork]].^(de Vaan 2008) If from PIE, it must continue *Kreh₂-ti- or *KrH-ti-, but no fitting PIE root exists, and de Vaan considers a European substrate word.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[prg|corto|t=fence]], [[got|𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍃|tr=haurds|t=door]] and [[goh|hurd|t=hurdle]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Others derive it from [[ine-pro|*kert-|t=to weave, twist]], the root of [[en|hurdle]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In Classical Latin it was a light frame of wickerwork, a hurdle, as Cato's hurdles for carrying dung, in war a fascine for filling ditches, and in farming a bush-harrow.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Figuratively it was any lattice, as the ribs of the chest or a honeycomb.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In medieval Britain it was a hurdle or wattle for folds, roofs, defence and fisheries.^(DMLBS) Medieval Latin ''grāta'' “lattice” from it gave English ''grate''.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato mentions hurdles for carrying dung.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''grate'' “grill for cooking” is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|Wickerwork]], a [[m|en|hurdle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(military)'' A [[m|en|fascine]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # A bush-harrow, [[m|en|harrow]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Any [[m|en|lattice]] or network, as of the ribs.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[crāticius]]
+ * [[crāticula]]
+ * [[crāticulum]]
+ * [[crāticulus]]
+ * [[crātiō]]
+ * [[crātitius]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[en|grate]]
+ * [[en|hurdle]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}