pride English · revision 4901

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=a. 1000|origins=ang prūd}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /praɪd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|pride]], prude, prute, [[inh|ang|prȳde]], prȳte,^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(Barnhart 1988) formed from prūd “proud”, the source of [[proud]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) Hoad explains prȳde as a later form of prȳte, probably shaped by prūd or Old Norse prýði.^(Hoad 1986) Word Origins traces proud and pride through French to Latin prōdesse “to be of value”.^(Cresswell 2021) Whether the Scandinavian words (Old Norse pryði, Danish pryd) came from Old French or from Old English is debated.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A high or overweening opinion of oneself, especially as one of the deadly sins, and haughtiness or love of display: about 1000 in the OED, late Old English in Etymonline.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the Middle Ages pride was counted the first of the seven deadly sins.^(Cresswell 2021)^(OED 1989) In Middle English it could also be positive: proper pride, personal honour, splendour, and spirit in an animal.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) That which makes a person or people most proud, as in ''the pride of the nation'', is from about 1300.^(Etymonline) The proverb ''pride goes before a fall'' rewords Proverbs 16:18, which the Wycliffe Bible gave in 1382.^(Cresswell 2021)^(Etymonline) A group of lions was called a pride in a late 15th-century book of terms, but the use was not common until the 20th century.^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021) ''Pride and prejudice'' have been paired since the 1610s.^(Etymonline) The verb, to be proud or pride oneself, is from about 1150 in Barnhart and the mid-12th century in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * a. 1000 – overweening self-esteem.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1150 – verb, to be proud.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1300 – that which one is proud of.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1420 – Pride personified as a deadly sin.^(OED 1989)

+ * late 15th century – a group of lions.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A feeling of pleasure and [[satisfaction]] in one's own or another's achievements.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # [[self-respect|alt=Self-respect]]; a sense of one's own [[dignity]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Too high an opinion of oneself; [[arrogance]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The person or thing one is most proud of.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A group of [[lion]]s.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''pride oneself on'': to be proud of a quality or skill.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prideful]]

+ * [[pridefully]]

+ * [[pridefulness]]

+ * [[prideless]]

+ * [[pridelessly]]

+ * [[self-pride]]

+ * [[pride of place]]

+ * [[pride of the morning]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[proud]]

+ * [[prowess]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}