far Latin · revision 4892

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfar], [ˈfar.r]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfar]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''far''' ''n'' (genitive farris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fars|t=flour]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Italic and Slavic point to a stem *bʰars-, which Germanic remade as an s-stem, and de Vaan thinks it may be a loanword from a non-Indo-European language for a primitive cultivated wheat, given the vowel /a/ and the field of grains.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[osc|far|t=flour]], Umbrian [[m|xum|farer|t=of flour]], [[sga|bairgen|t=bread, loaf]], [[cy|bara|t=bread]] and [[ang|bere|t=barley]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008) Cato uses it of grain that must not be lent to anyone.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was emmer, a husked wheat, as Varro's comparison of Campanian emmer, and its grain, and ground grain or groats, as in Cato and Columella.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short call it the earliest food of the Romans, roasted or ground into meal.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In poetry ''far pium'' was the sacred meal offered in sacrifice.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ From it came [[farīna]] “flour” and [[farrāgō]] “mixed fodder”, which gave English ''farina'' and ''farrago'' “hodgepodge”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) It survives as [[it|farro]], and English ''farro'' is borrowed from Italian.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of grain and groats.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1630s – English ''farrago'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1707 – English ''farina'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Emmer]], a husked [[m|en|wheat]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The grain of this plant.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Ground grain, [[m|en|groats]], coarse meal.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' Sacrificial meal.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[farīna]]

+ * [[farrāceus]]

+ * [[farrāgō]]

+ * [[farrārius]]

+ * [[farrātus]]

+ * [[farreātus]]

+ * [[farreus]]

+ * [[confarreō]]

+ * [[diffarreātiō]]

+ * [[farreārius]]

+ * [[farreātiō]]

+ * [[farriculum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[confarreātiō]]

+ * [[farīnāceus]]

+ * [[farīnārium]]

+ * [[farīnārius]]

+ * [[farīnōsus]]

+ * [[farīnula]]

+ * [[farīnulentus]]

+ * [[en|farina]]

+ * [[en|farrago]]

+ * [[en|farro]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore says it was named because at first it was broken, before the Romans had mills.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}