jury English · revision 4883

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1398|origins=la iurare}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈdʒʊə.ri/, US /ˈdʒʊr.i/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|jure]], jurie, [[bor|xno|juree|t=oath, inquest]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from [[la-med|iūrāta|t=an oath, a judicial inquest, a sworn body of men]],^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) the feminine past participle of Latin iūrāre “to swear”,^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) from iūs “law, oath”.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) It is related to [[juror]], [[perjury]], [[jurist]] and [[just]].^(Cresswell 2021)^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A body of persons sworn to give a verdict on a case: in Latin texts written in England from 1188,^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) in English in the compound jury-book in 1398 and as jure before 1400 in Barnhart,^(Barnhart 1988) the early 14th century in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) Early juries swore to answer truly about events they knew of themselves.^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ''grand jury'', named for its large number of members, is recorded in Anglo-French in the early 15th century and in English from 1433,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and the ''petty jury'' from 1495.^(OED 1989) ''Juryman'' is from the 1570s and ''jury-box'' from 1729.^(Etymonline) A panel chosen to award prizes at an exhibition is from 1851,^(Etymonline) and ''the jury is still out'', no decision has been made, by 1903.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1188 – in Anglo-Latin texts.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1398 – ''jury-book''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1433 – ''grand jury''.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1495 – ''petty jury''.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1851 – a panel judging a competition.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1903 – ''the jury is still out''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A group of people chosen to hear the [[evidence]] in a [[trial]] and decide whether someone is guilty.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A group of experts who judge a [[competition]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To judge by a jury.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[juryless]]

+ * [[juryman]]

+ * [[jurywoman]]

+ * [[nonjury]]

+ * [[jury-rig]]

+ * [[grand jury]]

+ * [[jury nullification]]

+ * [[petit jury]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[juror]]

+ * [[perjury]]

+ * [[jurist]]

+ * [[just]]

+ * [[jurisdiction]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different jury, a nautical adjective meaning “makeshift”, as in ''jury-mast'' (1616) and ''jury-rigged'', is a sailors' word of uncertain origin,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) perhaps from Old French ajurie “help”, from Latin adjūtāre, the source of [[aid]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) ''Jury-leg'', a wooden leg, is from 1751.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}