intestinus Latin · revision 4872

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Varro}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪn.tɛsˈtiː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [in.tesˈtiː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''intestīnus''' (feminine intestīna, neuter intestīnum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[itc-pro|*n̥ter-sto-|t=internal]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan, after Leumann, takes it from [[inter]] with a suffix *-stīno-, from a compound in *-sth₂-o- “standing”.^(de Vaan 2008) Walde–Hofmann took it from [[intus]] “within”, as do the Oxford Latin Dictionary and Etymonline.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) The noun [[intestīnum]] “gut”, attested earlier, and the later adjective “domestic” both point to an original sense “internal”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The adjective is found from Varro, the noun ''intestīnum'' “intestines” already in Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was what occurs within a state, civil or domestic, as Cicero's ''bellum intestīnum'' “civil war”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was internal to the body, as Seneca's internal malady, and inward or private.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''Mare intestīnum'' was the Mediterranean, and ''opus intestīnum'' interior woodwork or joinery, as in Varro.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was civil, domestic or intimate, as the internal strife of England in 1138.^(DMLBS) Through the noun it gave English ''intestine'', and learned [[fr|intestin]] and [[it|intestino]].^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the noun ''intestīnum''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses ''opus intestīnum'' of joinery.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of civil war.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''intestine'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Internal to a state, [[m|en|civil]], [[m|en|domestic]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Internal to the body, inward.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Private, personal.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Mare intestīnum'', the [[m|en|Mediterranean]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''Opus intestīnum'', interior woodwork, [[m|en|joinery]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[intestīna]]

+ * [[intestīnārius]]

+ * [[intestīnum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[inter]]

+ * [[stō]]

+ * [[intus]]

+ * [[en|intestine]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}