iuvo Latin · revision 4869

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Carmen Arvale|origins=ine-pro *h₁ewH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈjʊ.woː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈjuː.vo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iuvō''' (present infinitive iuvāre, perfect active iūvī, supine iūtum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ An inscription has ''iouent'', and Accius has a present ''iuvere''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ijow-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁i-h₁euH-|t=to help]], a reduplicated present.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The perfect and participle point to an earlier stem *iuwa-, and the present may be an iterative or a back-formation from [[adiuvō]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|अवति|tr=ávati|t=helps, protects]] and [[sga|con·oí|t=protects]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in the Carmen Arvale and in Plautus, as a prayer to Jupiter to help.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to help or assist a person, to promote a cause or back an opinion, and of things to benefit or be of use, as in ''quid iuvat?'' “what use is it?”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was to improve things, as harrowing improves a field, and to delight or please.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its compound ''adiuvāre'' gave Late Latin ''adiūta'', Old French ''aide'' and English ''aid''.^(Etymonline) It survives as [[it|giovare]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus prays to Jupiter to help.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius has a present ''iuvere''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''aid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|help]], [[m|en|assist]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To promote, further; to back up.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To benefit, be of use.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To improve, strengthen.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|delight]], please.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[adiuvō]]

+ * [[dēiuvō]]

+ * [[iūcundus]]

+ * [[praeiuvō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|aid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}