criticism English · revision 4864

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1607|origins=en critic, en -ism}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈkrɪt.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/, US /ˈkrɪt̬.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|en|critic|-ism]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) or from Latin criticus and -ism.^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The action of judging the qualities or merits of something, especially finding fault: 1607 in the OED and MWU, about 1600 in Etymonline.^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A critical remark or essay is from 1608.^(OED 1989) The study of the text, origin and authenticity of a writing, the sense of ''higher criticism'', is from the 1660s (1669 in the OED),^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and the art of judging literary or artistic works from the 1670s (1674 in the OED).^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) Dryden wrote in 1677 that those who think the business of criticism is “principally to find fault” mistake its nature.^(Etymonline) In philosophy, Kant's critical philosophy was called criticism from 1867.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1607 – the act of judging.^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1608 – a critical remark.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1669 – textual criticism.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1674 – literary and artistic criticism.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of saying what is wrong with someone or something; [[disapproval]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A remark that points out a fault.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The study and judgement of the qualities of [[literature]], art or music.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The study of the origin and history of texts.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[overcriticism]]

+ * [[countercriticism]]

+ * [[hypercriticism]]

+ * [[oneirocriticism]]

+ * [[self-criticism]]

+ * [[form criticism]]

+ * [[higher criticism]]

+ * [[lower criticism]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[critic]]

+ * [[criticise]]

+ * [[critical]]

+ * [[critique]]

+ * [[criterion]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}