maturus Latin · revision 4846

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *meh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [maːˈtuː.rʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [maˈtuː.rus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mātūrus''' (feminine mātūra, neuter mātūrum, comparative mātūrior, superlative mātūrissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[itc-pro|*mātu-|t=ripeness, right moment]], [[ine-pro|*meh₂-tu-|t=ripeness]], from [[ine-pro|*meh₂-|t=to ripen]], a noun also behind [[Mātūta]], goddess of dawn, and [[mātūtīnus]] “of the morning”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The root is probably that of [[mānus]] “good”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The Oxford Latin Dictionary compares [[sga|maith|t=good]] and [[cy|mad|t=good]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was ripe, of fruit and crops, as Cato's seed and Cicero's ripe fruit, fully grown of people and animals, and fully developed.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was mentally mature or experienced, ready for something, and advanced in age.^(OLD 2012) From “at the right moment” it meant timely, and then early or speedy.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ It survives as [[it|maturo]], [[fr|mûr]], [[es|maduro]] and [[pt|maduro]].^(Wiktionary) English ''mature'' comes from it, through the verb [[mātūrō]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of ripe seed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''mature'' is recorded as a verb, from ''mātūrāre''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Ripe]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Full-grown, adult.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Fully developed.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Mature]], experienced.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Ready (for something).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Advanced in age.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Timely]]; early, speedy.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[immātūrus]]

+ * [[maturefacio]]

+ * [[mātūritās]]

+ * [[mātūrō]]

+ * [[permātūrus]]

+ * [[praemātūrus]]

+ * [[semimaturus]]

+ * [[mātūrē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mānus]]

+ * [[Mātūta]]

+ * [[en|mature]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}