membrum Latin · revision 4845
16 Oct 2026, 00:25 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *mḗms}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmɛm.brũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmɛm.brum]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''membrum''' ''n'' (genitive membrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*memsro-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*mēms-ro-|t=body part, fleshy part]], from the word for “flesh”, [[ine-pro|*mḗms]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sga|mír|t=portion]], [[sa|मांस|tr=māṃsá-|t=meat]], [[grc|μηρός|tr=mērós|t=thigh]] and [[got|𐌼𐌹𐌼𐌶|tr=mimz|t=flesh]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The Twelve Tables use it in the law of retaliation for a broken limb.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In Classical Latin it was a part or organ of the body, a limb, and in the plural the body, as distinct from the mind.^(OLD 2012) It was a part or division of a thing, as Cicero's parts of the world, sky, land and sea, a member of a group or household, and a section of an abstract subject.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein contrasts it with [[artus]], a joint.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In medieval Latin it was also a rump of beef, an outbuilding, an aisle of a church, and a daughter church.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives as [[it|membro]] and [[es|miembro]], and Old French ''membre'' gave English ''member''.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the parts of the world.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''member'' is recorded as “body part”.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|limb]], member (of the body).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # In the plural, the body.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A part, division (of a thing).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # A [[m|en|member]] (of a group).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # A section (of a subject).^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An outbuilding; an aisle; a daughter church.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[bimembris]]
+ * [[membrāna]]
+ * [[membrātim]]
+ * [[membrōsus]]
+ * [[quadrimembris]]
+ * [[trimembris]]
+ * [[membrātūra]]
+ * [[membrō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[en|member]]
+ * [[en|membrane]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}