sidus Latin · revision 4832

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Accius, Varro}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsiː.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsiː.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sīdus''' ''n'' (genitive sīderis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It may be [[inh|itc-pro|*sīd/þos-|t=mark, target]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Rix connected it with [[grc|ἰθύς|tr=ithús|t=straight]] and a root [[ine-pro|*seHdʰ-|t=to reach a goal]], so that [[cōnsīderō]] meant “to concentrate on a goal” and [[dēsīderō]] “to move off a goal”.^(de Vaan 2008) Nyman developed this, taking the verbs from hunters' language and adducing Finnish parallels for a shift from “target” to “star”, but the connections outside Latin are unclear.^(de Vaan 2008) The older link with [[ine-pro|*sweyd-|t=to shine, sweat]], which Lewis & Short followed, is not specific enough for de Vaan.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The Oxford Latin Dictionary compares [[lt|svidùs]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Accius uses it of the constellations, and Varro uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Accius 170–c. 90 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a heavenly body, the planets, a constellation, and a comet, especially the Julian comet that Augustus took as a sign.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that Cicero, Caesar and Quintilian use it of a group of stars, in the plural, while [[stēlla]] is a single star.^(Lewis & Short 1879) A constellation marked the progress of the year, so it could mean the season.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval writers used it of the Star of Bethlehem.^(DMLBS) Its derivatives [[cōnsīderō]] and [[dēsīderō]] gave English ''consider'' and ''desire''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of the constellations.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero distinguishes two kinds of heavenly bodies.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''desire'' is recorded, from ''dēsīderāre''.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – English ''consider'' is recorded, from ''cōnsīderāre''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A heavenly body; a [[m|en|star]]; in the plural, the planets.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|constellation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|comet]] or meteor.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|season]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The Star of Bethlehem.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sīderālis]]

+ * [[sīdereus]]

+ * [[cōnsīderō]]

+ * [[dēsīderō]]

+ * [[sīderor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stella]]

+ * [[astrum]]

+ * [[en|consider]]

+ * [[en|desire]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says that [[stēlla]] is any single star, [[astrum]] one of the great bright bodies, and ''sīdus'' a constellation.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}