fundus Latin · revision 4811

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰudʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfʊn.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfun.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fundus''' ''m'' (genitive fundī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fundo-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰudʰnós|t=bottom]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains the Latin form by a metathesis of *bʰudʰnó- to Italo-Celtic *bʰundʰó-, and takes the PIE word as probably the genitive of a noun *bʰudʰ-men-.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|बुध्न|tr=budhná|t=bottom, root]], [[grc|πυθμήν|tr=puthmḗn|t=bottom, depth]], [[non|botn]] and [[ang|botm]] ([[en|bottom]]).^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it, already of a farm: “don't make a path across the estate”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was the bottom of a vessel or of the sea, and in Cicero's proverb “largesse has no bottom” there is no end to giving.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''Fundō'' “from the foundations” meant utterly, and figuratively it was a basis, or a person who backs an arrangement.^(OLD 2012) Above all it was a farm or country estate, in law any landed property, and in surveying a square of 120 feet.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein distinguishes it as an estate, usually with a house, from [[villa]], a country house, usually with land.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was the land of a township and an anchorage.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives as [[it|fondo]], [[fr|fond]] and [[es|hondo]].^(Wiktionary) English ''fund'' came from French ''fond'', at first “bottom, foundation”, and the money sense is from the 1690s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a farm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the bottom of a chest.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1670s – English ''fund'' is recorded as “a bottom, foundation”.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1754 – English ''fundus'' is recorded for the base of an organ.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|bottom]], base, especially of a vessel; the depths of the sea or earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''Ā fundō'', ''fundō'', from the foundations, utterly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A basis, [[m|en|foundation]]; a person who supports an arrangement.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A country estate, [[m|en|farm]], ''(law)'' landed property.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(surveying)'' A square of 120 by 120 feet.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The land of a township; an anchorage.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[funditus]]

+ * [[fundō]]

+ * [[fundulum]]

+ * [[fundulus]]

+ * [[profundus]]

+ * [[domnifundus]]

+ * [[lātifundium]]

+ * [[solifundium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fundāmen]]

+ * [[fundāmentum]]

+ * [[fundātiō]]

+ * [[fundātor]]

+ * [[fundātus]]

+ * [[en|fund]]

+ * [[en|foundation]]

+ * [[en|profound]]

+ * [[en|bottom]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore explains it as the land on which a family's property is founded.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}