artus Latin · revision 4810

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂er-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''artus''' ''m'' (genitive artūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has once the neuter plural ''artua''; the dative and ablative plural is usually ''artubus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*artu-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂r-tú-|t=juncture, ordering]], from the root [[ine-pro|*h₂er-|t=to fit together]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sa|ऋतु|tr=ṛtú|t=fixed time, order]], [[grc|ἀρτύς|tr=artús|t=arrangement]] and [[xcl|արդ|tr=ard|t=order]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The adjective [[m|la|artus|t=close, tight]] is from the same root, and [[arma]] and [[ars]] are related.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it, once in the neuter plural ''artua''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin, almost always in the plural, it was a joint of the body and then a limb, and the limbs as the parts that tremble with fear, grow tired, or hold a person's strength.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It came to mean the members or frame of the body, in Virgil even of the universe as a living body, and rarely the sexual organs.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein contrasts it, properly a joint, with [[membrum]], a limb itself.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Since it was used as a plural, de Vaan thinks the diminutive [[articulus]] was coined as its singular.^(de Vaan 2008) Through ''articulus'' it gave English ''article'', first of the separate clauses of a text.^(Etymonline) Medieval writers kept the senses of joint and limb.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius threatens to tear someone limb from limb.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''article'' is recorded, from its diminutive ''articulus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|joint]] of the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|limb]], an arm or a leg.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(plural)'' The limbs as trembling, tiring, or as the seat of strength.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(plural)'' The members of the body, the body, frame.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' The sexual organs.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[artō]]

+ * [[artum]]

+ * [[artutus]]

+ * [[artē]]

+ * [[artiō]]

+ * [[articulus]]

+ * [[artuātim]]

+ * [[artuātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arma]]

+ * [[ars]]

+ * [[en|article]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ There is also an adjective ''artus'' “close, tight, narrow”, which gave Italian ''arto'' and the verb [[artō]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}