fundo Latin · revision 4809

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰew-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfʊn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfun.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fundō''' (present infinitive fundere, perfect active fūdī, supine fūsum); third conjugation, third person-only in the passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*χund-e/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ǵʰu-n-d-|t=to pour]], a nasal present of [[ine-pro|*ǵʰew-|t=to pour]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan thinks that the initial /f/ for PIE *ǵʰ- may be due to the following /u/, and that the d-present was remade into a nasal present.^(de Vaan 2008) Germanic has the same extension in -d-.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|जुहोति|tr=juhóti|t=pours, sacrifices]], [[grc|χέω|tr=khéō|t=to pour]] and [[got|𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽|tr=giutan|t=to pour]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010) In Cato's ''On Agriculture'' something is to be poured into hot ointment.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to pour out a liquid or grain or to empty a vessel, hence to cast metal, as Vitruvius' casting of bronze.^(OLD 2012) It was to drench, to shed blood or tears, of rivers to pour out their waters, of a woman to give birth, and to send forth light, missiles or words in a stream.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From “to pour out” it came to mean to spread out, to scatter an enemy and to rout or overthrow.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Its participle ''fūsus'' gave English ''fusion'' and ''fuse'', and it survives as [[it|fondere]], [[fr|fondre]] and [[es|fundir]].^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary) Stelten keeps the plain sense “to pour” for Church Latin.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato gives recipes in which liquids are poured.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of casting bronze.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1550s – English ''fusion'' is recorded as “melting by heat”, from ''fūsus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|pour]], pour out; to empty (a vessel).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|cast]] or [[m|en|found]] (metal).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To drench (with something).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To shed (blood, tears); of rivers, to pour out; of a woman, to give birth to.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To send forth in a stream; to utter freely.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To spread out; to rout, overthrow (an enemy).^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exfundō]]

+ * [[fūsilis]]

+ * [[fūsūra]]

+ * [[suffundō]]

+ * [[affundō]]

+ * [[circumfundō]]

+ * [[cōnfundō]]

+ * [[dēfundō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|fusion]]

+ * [[en|fuse]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ There is a first-conjugation homograph ''fundāre'' “to lay the foundations”, from [[fundus]], the source of English ''found'' “establish”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}