ligo Latin · revision 4808

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Catullus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈlɪ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈliː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ligō''' (present infinitive ligāre, perfect active ligāvī, supine ligātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It probably comes from [[itc-pro|*-lig-ā-]], from [[ine-pro|*liǵ-|t=to tie]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan notes that the simple verb appears only from Catullus on, after many compounds, and suggests an older verb *lig-e/o- underlies them.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary also takes it as a back-formation from the compounds.^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sq|lidh|t=to tie]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Whether [[līctor]] and [[religiō]] belong here is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The simple verb is first found in Catullus, while compounds such as [[alligō]] and [[obligō]] go back to Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Catullus 81/79–52/50 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to fasten or bind with something, to bandage a wound, to bind two things together and to knot a girdle.^(OLD 2012) It was to tie up so as to prevent escape, and figuratively to unite in harmony or to cement an alliance.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein groups it with [[vieō]], binding to hold things together, against [[vinciō]] and [[nectō]], fettering.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Through Italian ''legare'' it gave English ''league'' “alliance”, and its participle gave English ''ligate''.^(Etymonline) It survives as [[ro|lega]] and [[it|legare]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses the simple verb.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid binds up wounds with it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''league'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1590s – English ''ligate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fasten, [[m|en|bind]]; to [[m|en|bandage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To bind together; to knot; to knit (wounds).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To attach (one thing to another).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To tie up, hold fast.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To unite; to confirm (an alliance).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[alligō]]

+ * [[circumligō]]

+ * [[colligō]]

+ * [[dēligō]]

+ * [[illigō]]

+ * [[interligō]]

+ * [[līctor]]

+ * [[ligāmen]]

+ * [[ligāmentum]]

+ * [[ligātiō]]

+ * [[ligātūra]]

+ * [[obligō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|league]]

+ * [[en|ligate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ There is also a noun ''ligō'', ''ligōnis'' “mattock, hoe”, of uncertain origin.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}